Which latrine design feature reduces environmental contamination?

• A. Sealed pits or ventilated improved pits
• B. Proximity of pits to wells/boreholes
• C. Open pits with no cover
• D. Handwashing facilities

Answer: (A)

Containing waste effectively is the key to minimizing environmental contamination. Sealed pits or ventilated improved pits keep fecal matter isolated from soil and groundwater, often with a durable lining and a cover, and with a vent to manage gases. This design reduces seepage of contaminants into the environment and limits fly access, which lowers the chance of pathogens spreading through water or surfaces.

In contrast, placing pits close to wells raises the risk of contaminating drinking water sources; open pits without a cover invite rainwater ingress and fly breeding; and while handwashing facilities improve hygiene, they don’t address the containment of waste itself or prevent environmental leakage.